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In the case of an indirect question, as in the example above, no comma should be used. Is there always a comma before which in a sentence such as - - . jakeybum, Jan 1, 2018 #1. You usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. And . It can stand on its own without adding another word. An apostrophe, which identifies the possessive case, should be used here. Again, when it is used as an adverb, you don’t use a comma. Hi, With a theme of white light, silver and gold is picked up again in the extraordinary chain of the necklace which includes miniature oval disks of the opposing designs. Present perfect tense followed by past tense. It is also a complete sentence and an independent clause even though it doesn’t have an object as in the first example. If removing the phrase would change the meaning of the sentence, then it is restrictive and a comma should not be used. He introduced a comma splice, which is a common grammatical error. What distinguishes English from most other languages is its use of commas before a dependent (subordinate) clause. eg He surprised her with an engagement ring. Comma before or after however Because you can use however as a synonym for but, it is worth noting this rule. In this case, the meaning changes when you remove the relative phrase. are usually neither preceded nor followed by a comma. A nonrestrictive modifying clause is a phrase that adds nonessential information to a sentence without altering its meaning. Commas with "that" and "which" clauses When should you use a comma before that and which clauses? I'm trying to proofread a report for my boss, and they inconsistently include a comma before "which." The topic which I enjoy the most is art history. She wanted to buy the ship which won the race. Commas can separate adjectives, offset nonessential phrases, and introduce direct quotations. After No is a plural noun or a singular noun. S susanm Member. There really are only eight! You can also use a comma before ‘and’ to connect two unrelated clauses. When you block a person, they can no longer invite you to a private message or post to your profile wall. 1. However, we don't use a comma before a restrictive relative clause which provides essential information about the noun to which it refers. Keep an eye out for sentences that have a preposition before the word “which,” since that construction indicates that you do not need to use a comma. If you use, however, therefore, furthermore, or moreover at the beginning of a sentence, there is always a comma after the adverb. In short, you only need to use a comma before “where” if the information that follows it is not essential to proper understanding of the whole sentence. Oxford commas are also known as serial or Harvard commas. Do not use a comma before a conjunction that joins list items unless you're an American or your institution advocates the serial comma. There are three primary uses of conjunctions: When a coordinating conjunction is used to connect two independent clauses, a comma is always used. This trick works because 'which' without a comma is used to head a defining clause, just like 'that.' You could easily remove the nonrestrictive clause from the sentence without changing the meaning. Sometimes the grammer check on work says it calls for a semicolon. Common prepositions include: above, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, from, in, into, near, of, off, on, to, toward, under, upon, with, and within. As you know, unless the sentence is very short, a comma does come before "but" when it introduces the second independent clause. When the information that follows the relative pronouns is essential to the sentence, you do not use a comma. When are there exceptions for not using a comma before “with”? Parenthetical phrases can easily be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning. Use a comma before which when it introduces a nonrestrictive phrase. In the sentence above, the relative clause explains more about the word “French,” but it’s not essential information. An apostrophe which identifies the possessive case should be used here. Often, you can identify a defining relative clause by asking yourself by asking yourself, would I be able to replace “which” with “that”? Notice the difference in the following two sentences. Don’t use a comma before which when it’s part of a prepositional phrase, such as “in which.” Don’t use a comma before which when it introduces an indirect question. After earning a perfect score on the Writing SAT, I worked my way through Brown University by moonlighting as a Kaplan Test Prep tutor. The phrase provides additional information that is essential to the sentence. On the other hand, if removing the phrase does nothing to the meaning of the sentence, and it still makes sense, then the phrase is non-restrictive and a comma should be used. Restrictive ⇒Don’t Use a Comma Non-restrictive ⇒ Use a Comma Figure skating, which I started at age five, has always been my favorite sport. The topic that I enjoy the most is art history. Writers tend to make this mistake when forming sentences in which as separates two independent clauses.. Below is an example of such a sentence. In English we do not have this rule (if we did, I would have put a comma between “rule” and “that” in the previous sentence). In those circumstances, we call it a defining relative clause. Like because, as can be used as a conjunction or as an adverb. Note: if you proceed, you will no longer be following. If the clause begins with a that, omit the comma. Thank you. It depends on how 'tightly coupled' the will phrase is to what precedes it. . such a clause cannot be left out of the sentence without affecting the meaning. The word “which” has a few different use cases in the English language. Scounted the possibilities at Countrywide Motor Sales which sells used sedans, station wagons and pickup trucks. It does not change the meaning and is not absolutely necessary, but it makes the long sentence simpler to parse and therefore the meaning is … Commas are needed before coordinating conjunctions, after dependent clauses (when they precede independent clauses), and to set off appositives. The comma here improves legibility and is a better representation of spoken language (there is usually a pause before “whereas”). When you use “which” to ask a simple question, you don’t need a comma. Comma before which; 5 replies. You also don’t need a comma before “which” when it’s used as part of an indirect question. I need a quick and dirty answer to this question. The store is closed. (Notice how I used it as an adverb in the preceding sentence.) These words are called relative pronouns. Follow four steps to decide: 1. It is also an independent clause. This simple string of words contains a subject, verb and object. Finally, you'll never receive email notifications about content they create or likes they designate for your content. Thanks Jerry and Rachel. He introduced a comma splice which is a common grammatical error. Independent clauses which are joined with a semicolon do not need a coordinating conjunction. The Oxford comma, which is named after Oxford University Press, has long been the subject of arguments. It also has an interactive exercise. Can anyone explain the difference? Similarly, you could omit the relative pronoun when it’s used in this context. I’m an award-winning playwright with a penchant for wordplay. Often, the word “which” appears as part of a clause that isn’t essential to the meaning of the sentence. are restoring an old townhouse which will serve as a display shop for the . Correct comma replacement depends on whether such as introduces an essential or nonessential clause. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/relative-clauses-defining-and-non-defining, http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/restrictiveclauses/, https://www.dictionary.com/e/that-vs-which/, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/commas/extended_rules_for_commas.html, https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/easy-learning/interrogative-pronouns. Compare that one with another one. Commas should be used before and when joining two independent clauses or when compiling a list. I received a BA with honors in Literary Arts (Playwriting)—which gave me the opportunity to study under Pulitzer Prize-winner Paula Vogel. You can safely delete it if you want without losing the context. Do not use a comma before 'which' if you could replace your 'which' with 'that.' Our language uses exclamation marks, semicolons, dashes, and commas - just to name a few. Because clauses that aren’t restrictive are basically optional, commas are used to provide a visual cue to the reader that he or she can skip what follows. An indirect question has been rewritten in a declarative style that doesn’t require a question mark. The topic I enjoy the most is art history. And no, one does not involve putting a comma in when you naturally pause. Freelance and ghostwriting projects delete it if you could easily remove the relative clause and controlled burns rather unfortunate phrase. Without losing the context depends on how you ’ re asking someone to specify one or items. Private message or post to your profile wall as this would separate the two clauses with that! 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