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In computer science, a list or sequence is an abstract data type that represents a countable number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once. Many programming languages provide support for list data types, and have special syntax and semantics for lists and list operations. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). Although Lua stores lists that have numerical indices as arrays internally, they still appear as dictionaries. LISP (list processing): LISP, an acronym for list processing , is a programming language that was designed for easy manipulation of data strings. Here is my CPU, RAM, Video Card - My Computer Details What CPU does my computer have? You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. Updated: 06/07/2019 by Computer Hope. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. ), except those explicitly mentioned.Those items on the list are denied access. Personal computer: It maintain above list of hardware and software components. [1]:§3.5 Lists are a basic example of containers, as they contain other values. is a palindrome: the first and last letters are the same (r), the second and second-last letters are the same (a), etc. Next, try to predict the final state of the visualized example below, then compare it with actually running the code. Modern computers are electronic and digital. A list is a sequence of several variables, grouped together under a single name. Abstract data type used in computer science, This article is about sequential data structures. In the following sections, we present a list of computer software and their examples, categorized according to their different types. The first and easiest way to get a list of all the installed software on your system is by using the Command Prompt. It consists of a large box called the system unit that contains most of the essential components. [4], In Lisp, lists are the fundamental data type and can represent both program code and data. Two views for basic and advanced details and a view for editing your computer details. Hacking is the activity of identifying weaknesses in a computer system or a network to exploit the security to gain access to personal data or business data. A computer network is a set of computers that are connected together so that they can share information. To display data in an ordered format. Look at how range is used in the following example. As the name implies, lists can be used to store a list of elements. A list is a sequence of several variables, grouped together under a single name. To solve the next exercise, use one of the operators we just introduced, and a for loop. However, unlike in traditional arrays, lists can expand and shrink, and are stored dynamically in memory. Modern Computers Defined. Lists can be manipulated using iteration or recursion. Here are the remaining list of basic computer terms .Here I have listed some of the most common glossary of computer terms.I am not saying that this is a complete list; however, these are the most popular computer terms found on the net. Short answer: a distributed packet-switched network. Below is an example of a numerical list, often used to show a series of steps that need to be performed to accomplish something. The function max which we saw before can also be applied to a list of numbers: it returns the largest number in the list. 1. If you try to ask Python for an index that doesn't exist, it gives you an error: In the above example, because myList has length 4 and the first index is 0, the maximum possible index is 3. At the left, click and hold Move . More importantly, you can put other expressions and variables inside the square brackets, like x[i] and x[i+1]. What video card is inside my computer? A list is any information displayed or organized in a logical or linear formation. An example of computer hacking can be: using a password cracking algorithm to gain access to a computer system. Here is a visualized example of printing out the elements in a list: "For all" loops work for strings too: try for char in "hello". [3], Some languages do not offer a list data structure, but offer the use of associative arrays or some kind of table to emulate lists. Tower: A form of computer that has been around for quite a while is a tower. First step. Implementation of the list data structure may provide some of the following operations: Lists are typically implemented either as linked lists (either singly or doubly linked) or as arrays, usually variable length or dynamic arrays. list server (mailing list server): A list server (mailing list server) is a program that handles subscription requests for a mailing list and distributes new messages, newsletters, or other postings from the list's members to the entire list of subscribers as they occur or are scheduled. Second step. It is common to use len to write code that can work on lists of any length, like in the example above, and in the next exercise. These axioms are equivalent to those of the abstract stack data type. More generally, L[-k] returns the kth item from the end of the list; Python handles this internally by translating it to L[len(L)-k]. Staying on top of a to-do list helps you be more efficient and to track your progress. Instead of writing a program with many variables x0, x1, x2, … you can define a single variable x and access its members x[0], x[1], x[2], etc. Computer hardware is a general term to describe all the physical parts of a computer system. The standard way of implementing lists, originating with the programming language Lisp, is to have each element of the list contain both its value and a pointer indicating the location of the next element in the list. Look at the assignment statement (the 2nd line). Below is an example of a numbering list between one and five. In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Python allows a shortcut to perform this type of an operation, usually called a "for all" loop or a "for each" loop. A finite set in the mathematical sense can be realized as a list with additional restrictions; that is, duplicate elements are disallowed and order is irrelevant. The abstract list type L with elements of some type E (a monomorphic list) is defined by the following functions: for any element e and any list l. It is implicit that. Note that first (nil ()) and rest (nil ()) are not defined. Some languages may allow list types to be indexed or sliced like array types, in which case the data type is more accurately described as an array. Likewise, the function sum(L) returns the sum of the elements in list L. It is very common (like in the previous exercise) to loop through every value in a list. What is the monitor on a computer? The list type forms a monad with the following functions (using E* rather than L to represent monomorphic lists with elements of type E): Alternatively, the monad may be defined in terms of operations return, fmap and join, with: Note that fmap, join, append and bind are well-defined, since they're applied to progressively deeper arguments at each recursive call. For random-access data structures, see, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_(abstract_data_type)&oldid=998162870, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The list has an entry for each system user with access privileges. The visual display, circuitry, case and power supply are typically included in a monitor. Everything a computer does is done by using a computer program. The monitor, keyboard, and mouse all plug into it using cables (or in some cases, using a wireless technology). It can be defined as a small that range up to the limited pounds. In some contexts, such as in Lisp programming, the term list may refer specifically to a linked list rather than an array. In algebraic terms, this can be represented as the transformation 1 + E × L → L. first and rest are then obtained by pattern matching on the cons constructor and separately handling the nil case. 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