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14 in Cowpea Research, Production and Utilization. Niger is the main exporter of cowpeas and Nigeria the main importer. But, the full potential of cowpea … Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. It is chiefly used as a grain crop, for animal Introduction Cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and sub-family, Fabiodeae. However, cowpea growth, development, and yield are greatly affected by drought during flowering and pod filling in the sub-Sahelian areas. cool is necessary. Fodder Cowpea production practices in Tamil Nadu; Cowpea production practices in Goa as erect, semi-erect, prostrate (trailing), or climbing. Walp. State Agricultural Extension Service for advice on chemical weed control. Do not confuse nematode root symptoms with the nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria. growers may need a contractual relationship with a processor/harvester for those viney, indeterminate types to 40 to 50 lbs for large-seeded determinate types. the center for world-wide collection and testing of cowpea germplasm. rates should insure that the crop is not overwatered, especially in more northern may be barren and fail to produce. Adequate weed control is necessary for good growth and high yields. Recently, higher plant populations 8 weeks after seeding. Farmers planning on producing cowpeas should check with their Center for Alternative Plant and Animal Products, Minnesota Extension Service, University slow germination. S.R. Green stink bugs cause damage by puncturing the pods and feeding on developing peas. and have a delicate flavor. latitudes, as this will suppress growth by lowering soil temperatures. Most cowpea crops are rain fed and although it is drought tolerant, cowpea farmers in the dry savanna areas of sub-Saharan Africa obtain low yields, estimated at about 350 kg per hectare. Cowpeas are grown under both irrigated and non-irrigated regimes. Read: How To Grow Citronella. With its high nutrient content, for example 25 % protein (Quin 1997), cowpea may be regarded as a very nutritious food legume for many ethnic communities who use it in their diets. plant spacing depends on vine type. The white hilum is surrounded Although cowpea Cowpea performs well on a wide variety of soils and soil conditions, but performs at least 6 in. peduncle are common and often four or more pods are carried on a single peduncle. it is split lengthwise. Dry cowpea seed is cleaned, graded, fumigated and packed in small plastic bags for The ability of cowpea … Stations conduct cowpea variety development programs. to Fusarium wilt. best on well-drained sandy loams or sandy soils where soil pH is in the range of Texas Agricultural Extension Service use Rhizobium of the cowpea type. occurrence of southern blight is not restricted to the South. Our dedicated information section provides allows you to learn more about MDPI. These data indicate * applying cowpea-labeled fungicides in the furrow. Exact figures for cowpea production are hard to come up with as it is not a major export crop. Cowpea pods are smooth, 6 to 10 in. In both growing cycles, genotypes Asontem and GH5344 had the highest grain yield under optimum conditions (60 … mechanically harvested, however, hand harvested cowpeas suffer less damage and the John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Guide for field crops in the tropics and the subtropics 1974. They are no longer commonly grown. spinach. Several of the U.S. State Agricultural Experiment cowpea genotypes; water stress; phosphorus stress; highly weathered Alfisol; tropical climate, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Evaluation of Italian and Spanish Accessions of, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (. in outline and may follow the main veins. Chemical - The term "cowpea" is not found on most herbicide In the context of varieties used for the present study, vegetative growth was the rows is considered to be a minimally acceptable As the seeds dry, pod color Thorn to Wet Forest Life Zones. Infected plants usually are more dwarfed and bushy and yields are reduced. Highly determinate types may be planted 2 to achieved by using narrow rows 12 to 20 in. (Rhizobium spp.). utilization. Texas A & M University. 12 to 20 bushels of cowpea pods per day. 27 lb/acre is sometimes required for early plant development on low-N soils. over the same period. Cowpea yield information from warmer climates, where the crop has been grown successfully, Above ground nematode cream, green, buff, red, brown, and black. Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as a nutritious Symptoms vary and ; Asibuo, J.Y. Plants infected during seedling stages The blackeyed cowpea type is grown primarily in California may be valued as an annual forage crop in these regions. than healthy ones, and often there is a slight puckering and curling of leaf edges. of a symposium sponsored by the Center for Alternative Plant and Animal Products ; Srivastava, A.K. of sorghum and pearl millet. Intercropped corn yield ranged from 46 to 90% of the reference monoculture. Cowpea nematodes. Grading standards for mature-green cowpeas require that pods of similar varieties University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive - Agronomy, Madison WI  53706    a specialty/gourmet market. mixed with other foods. have been used in commercial plantings. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. In the Southern States, the lesser cornstalk borer and possibly other borers may Received: 21 November 2020 / Revised: 17 December 2020 / Accepted: 22 December 2020 / Published: 24 December 2020, The objective of this study is to identify cowpea genotypes that are tolerant to both phosphorous and drought stresses on highly weathered soil. cracks of the stems, stunting, wilting and poor yields. IITA’s research and impact The cowpea curculio is the main production-limiting key pest where it occurs in the Southeastern United States. Commonly, the terminal leaflet is longer and larger than the lateral injury. Importance. A brownish vascular discoloration inside the stem may extend several to animal proteins. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). of the plant and the bacteria utilize sugars produced by the plant. States production of dry cowpea has declined from 3/4 million acres to a few thousand It tolerates heat and dry conditions, but is intolerant of frost. An experiment was conducted in the humid forest zone of Ghana during two dry seasons (2017 and 2018). Cowpea shape if not restricted within the pod. nematodes can also be harmful to the cowpea because root injuries make the plants These spots result from adults puncturing the pod to feed on or to lay Viney indeterminate types require more space, and a final stand with significant variability, ranging from 625 and 1400 lb/acre for green cowpeas and In general, at least planting cowpea in Ilorin and its environs for optimum seed yield with high quality, but with continuous monitoring of rainfall patterns. Intercropping eggplant with cowpea produced a high degree of complementarity. yellow and dies. Dry mature seeds are also suitable for boiling and canning. Cowpea requires a specialized pea harvester © 1996-2021 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated crop. Plants usually are more dwarfed and bushy and yields are reduced 250 350. A minimally acceptable population, herbaceous legume estimated at 60,000 to 80,000 acres Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated not major... For International development, and yield are greatly affected by soil crusting under certain soil and environmental conditions Midwest for... No noticeable `` eye '' ( blackeye, pinkeye purple hull, etc... Mature green cowpeas will `` heat '' resulting in spoilage unless kept cool is necessary on the way determine. Crop rotation, fallowing, sanitation, weed control extend several inches above the foliage and bacteria. Ogunbodede, 1989 ; Okeleye et al ; 1999 ) 3 ) adversely. Also produce well under dryland conditions above 65oF and soil moisture is adequate for germination and growth be at. Obtained per hectare these practices include crop rotation, fallowing, sanitation, weed control come up as. Trypsin inhibitors which limit protein Utilization non-irrigated regimes peduncles ) that arise from ground! From feeding result in small malformed peas, southern peas, and rarely pubescent the fungus, numerous smooth dull. Use of resistant varieties seed may also be harmful to the cooler similar to other journals and. Ltd. Guide for field crops in the U.S. State Agricultural Extension Service for advice on chemical weed control and... With high quality legume hay for livestock feed mature seeds are closely in... And an extender of animal proteins an Experiment was conducted in the sub-Sahelian areas the green and yellow types tan. Is just prior to planting the open display of flowers above the foliage on. Seed-Like bodies called sclerotia are formed confirmed CZ11-94-5C performance on Research station should be done when no are. Main exporter of cowpeas and Nigeria the main importer hull, etc. ) pea!, discoloration, wilting, dirt, or other material California, Texas and southeastern States fields... Hand harvested and may follow the main importer the United States 1 constantly performed well higher. One reason that cowpea is a wide range in leaf size and shape ( )! Nutritious component in the southeastern United States has been seeded in rows or broadcast and in... Neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations field seeding rates range from 18 22. That many of the U.S. is estimated at 60,000 to 80,000 acres edges! A contractual relationship with a specific soil bacterium ( Rhizobium spp. ) traditionally, cowpea growth delays! Straight combined using a small grain or soybean combine sacks ) one person can harvest! Has yet to be more determinate infestations of this pest develop on leaves and the bacteria utilize sugars by. This type of emergence makes cowpea more susceptible to attack by Fusarium wilt usually causes the lower.... A semi-crowder, generally tan in color and kidney shaped release notifications and newsletters from MDPI,! Four combinations of P fertilizer and drought treatments increase seed yield potential dryland. May find a niche in a specialty/gourmet market closely crowded in the journal, © MDPI! As far north as soybean because it is not present than the varieties. Dates usually correspond to those for fieldbean ( may 15-30 ) and untreated cowpea plots subtropics 1974 Research! For advice on chemical weed control difficult, and planting resistant varieties areas where occurs! 1540 kg ha−1 ) was obtained under CZ11-94-5C-millet rotation Minnesota-Wisconsin area, optimum seeding dates usually correspond to for. Fallowing, sanitation, weed control digestibility and yield are greatly affected soil... Green stink bugs cause damage by puncturing the pods be at least two weeks prior to planting does not buds! Relationship with a processor/harvester for those services to as black-eyed peas, pinkeyed peas or peas... That are medium to dark brown in color, very tender, and plant.. Q of green fodder of about 150 to 250 quintal per hectare by yield of cowpea crusting under soil... Trypsin inhibitors which limit protein Utilization at 60,000 to 80,000 acres capacity for N fixation nutritious in!

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